On 21 October in 1296 AD/CE, the second Sultan of Khalji Dynasty, Alauddin Khalji was coronted (a crowning ceremony) in Delhi. Alauddin was certainly the most powerful Sultan of the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate that ruled India from 1290 to 1320.
See Also: Khalji Dynasty Family Tree
Wars Against the Mongols
After becoming the Sultan, Alauddin got engaged in many wars against the Mongols. While the Mongol Ilkhanate of Iran maintained friendly relationships with the Sultan of Delhi, their rivals Chagatai Khanate made attempt to conquer India. But Alauddin successfully repulsed all the Mongol invasions and saved India from the Mongol wrath.
Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate
Alauddin Khalji expanded the frontiers of Muslim rule in India, launching successful military campaigns in both the North and South. He conquered numerous Hindu states, bringing them under the control of the Delhi Sultanate. His military strength and efficient leadership ensured that his conquests were lasting and effective. Additionally, his harsh punishments against the Mongols discouraged further attacks, ensuring that they never again dared to invade India.
Administrative Reforms
Sultan Alauddin Khalji was not only a great military leader but a great administrator. He crushed the power of nobility to bring about peace in the country. He confiscated their excess amount of money and property and put a ban on their social gatherings and prohibited them to use wine.
His economic and market reforms were also remarkable. He introduced strict price controls, regulating the costs of essential goods to prevent inflation and ensure that even the poorest citizens could afford necessities. This level of economic control was rare in medieval times and is considered one of the most impressive examples of statecraft from that era.
Cultural Contributions and Legacy
Apart from his military and administrative achievements, Alauddin Khilji was a great patron of learning and culture. He supported scholars and poets, including the famous Amir Khusrau, whose literary works flourished during his reign.
See Also: Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate Family Tree
Death and Legacy
After ruling for twenty years, Alauddin Khilji passed away in 1316 AD/CE. His reign is remembered as one of the most significant periods in medieval Indian history, characterized by military strength, strategic governance, and bold reforms. His policies not only protected India from external threats but also stabilized its internal affairs, ensuring a strong and prosperous empire.
